![]() The use of the TB expression cassette implies a simple modification of the baculovirus vectors that significantly improves the cost efficiency of VLP-based vaccine production, thereby facilitating the commercial viability and broad application of these vaccines for human and animal health.Ĭitation: López-Vidal J, Gómez-Sebastián S, Bárcena J, Nuñez MdC, Martínez-Alonso D, Dudognon B, et al. The recombinant proteins produced by TB-modified vectors were fully functional, forming VLPs identical in size and shape to those generated by the standard baculoviruses, as determined by electron microscopy analysis. Our results demonstrate that the use of the TB expression cassette increased the production yields of these vaccine antigens by around 300% with respect to the standard vectors. Productivity was compared to that obtained using standard counterpart vectors expressing the same proteins under the control of the polyhedrin promoter. Capsid proteins from porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2 Cap) and from the calicivirus that causes rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHDV VP60) were expressed in insect cells using baculoviruses genetically engineered with the TB expression cassette. Here we describe the use of the previously described baculovirus expression cassette, called TB, to model the production of two VLP-forming vaccine antigens in insect cells. The extended use of these vaccines for human and animal populations is constrained because of high production costs, therefore a significant improvement in productivity is crucial to ensure their commercial viability. In this regard, the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is one of the technologies of choice to generate such highly immunogenic vaccines. Read more about pandemic influenza research.Vaccines based on virus-like particles (VLPs) have proven effective in humans and animals. Influenza pandemics occur when a new flu strain emerges to which people have little to no immunity and infection is transmitted easily from person-to-person. Read more about universal flu vaccine research. Universal Influenza Vaccine ResearchĪ key focus of NIAID’s influenza research program is developing a universal flu vaccine-one that could protect against multiple flu subtypes and eliminate the need for an annual seasonal flu vaccine. Read more about influenza vaccine production and design. ![]() NIAID is pursuing technologies and vaccine platforms that could increase the efficiency of vaccine production and manufacturing. Read more about influenza surveillance and risk assessment. NIAID supports and conducts research to further our basic understanding of how flu strains emerge, evolve, infect and cause disease in animals and humans. Influenza Surveillance and Risk Assessment NIAID is supporting research efforts to improve seasonal flu vaccine strain selection and vaccine effectiveness. This occurred during the 2014-2015 flu season the flu vaccine that season was less than 20 percent effective in protecting against influenza infection. Scientists must select vaccine strains months in advance of the upcoming flu season due to the time-consuming production process, and sometimes an existing but unexpected flu strain will become prevalent during the flu season. Sometimes, however, the strains selected for the seasonal flu vaccine are a poor match to the circulating strains. The seasonal flu vaccine is then designed to protect against three or four predicted dominant strains. Scientists monitor the changes in globally circulating flu strains and use the information to predict which strains are likely to be the most prevalent during the next flu season. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends a yearly flu vaccine for everyone six months and older. Antigenic drift in human flu viruses is what causes the changes in seasonal flu viruses each year and is why the seasonal flu vaccine must be updated annually. Although these changes are usually small, over time, they accumulate to cause “antigenic drift,” which enables the flu virus to partly evade the protections people have built up either through previous flu vaccinations or exposure to flu viruses. Seasonal Influenza VaccineĪs influenza circulates around the world each year, the virus’ genes mutate, which causes proteins on the surface of the virus to structurally change. The program also aims to make flu vaccine production and administration more efficient, while improving the body’s immune response to vaccination. NIAID supports and conducts research to develop vaccines against newly emerging influenza (flu) viruses, improve seasonal flu vaccines, and create a universal flu vaccine that would protect people against multiple flu strains, including potential pandemic strains, over multiple flu seasons.
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